Diet for pancreatitis

It is very important to follow a diet in pancreatitis, especially in chronic pancreatitis.You should eat as much protein as possible and at the same time you should reduce or completely eliminate fat and carbohydrates, especially sugar, which is 99% carbohydrates, eliminate fried foods and any foods containing coarse fiber.It is recommended that you start taking vitamins.You need to eat little by little, but often, that is, 5-6 times a day.

The pancreas is necessary to ensure the normal functioning of the body: thanks to the digestive juice that it secretes into the lumen of the duodenum, the main components of food products - proteins, fats and carbohydrates - are broken down.As a result of the digestion process taking place in this part of the digestive tract, simpler compounds are obtained, which enter the general bloodstream after absorption from the intestinal mucosa.Thus, the nutrients, amino acids and vitamins necessary for the metabolic processes in the cells and for the construction of the tissues are formed from the food products in the duodenum and reach all the organs and systems of the body.

In addition, the pancreas produces insulin, which is necessary for normal carbohydrate metabolism, and lipokine, which prevents fatty degeneration of the liver.

The cause of pancreatitis is most often the abuse of fatty foods and alcoholic beverages.The disease can manifest itself in both acute and chronic form.The diet in pancreatitis depends on the characteristics of the pathological process: the acute period requires a stricter attitude to the diet and the foods consumed.

With acute or chronic inflammation of the pancreas, cardinal digestive disorders occur, including:

• The pH of the small intestine changes to the acidic side, as a result of which the patient feels heartburn, a burning sensation in the intestines;
• enzymes accumulate inside the gland and begin the process of self-digestion of the tissues, causing severe pain in the abdominal area in the area of the navel, on the right;
• toxic substances accumulate, self-poisoning of the body occurs;
• Impaired insulin secretion causes diabetes.

The pathogenesis of pancreatitis develops according to the type of acute or chronic inflammation.The principle of treatment of all forms of pancreatitis includes, according to the indications:

• surgical intervention;
• drug replacement therapy, taking into account the nature of the inflammation and the patient's condition;
• therapeutic dietary nutrition.

Proper nutrition during the rehabilitation stages of pancreatitis, especially after the patient is discharged from a medical facility, significantly increases the chances of a full recovery or stabilization of the pathology.

It is at home that the principle of dietary nutrition is often violated.In the meantime, it is important to follow the unchanging rules of the therapeutic diet.In addition, the diets do not contain expensive products;their preparation is very simple, including: cutting, boiling, stewing.

Diet for acute pancreatitis

During an exacerbation of an attack of pancreatitis, before the ambulance arrives, it is allowed to apply cold compresses to the area of pain, usually pain in the epigastric region.During this period, it is allowed to drink mineral water (for example, Borjomi, Narzan).The daily volume of liquid is up to five to six glasses, with normal urination.Simple liquids suppress the secretion of pancreatic juice in the lumen of the duodenum, reduce pain and remove toxins from the body.

When a sick person enters a medical facility, the patient is prescribed a diet developed by a nutritionist.

To illustrate the principles of pancreatitis diets, we have excerpted these papers.Numbered diets are not officially used in medical facilities.Diets with the abbreviation SG and IAP are recommended for pancreatitis.

In the case of acute pancreatitis, the patient is prescribed fasting for the first two days.It is allowed to drink only rosehip decoction or mineral water - one glass up to five times a day.On the third day, it is allowed to eat food, but only low-calorie foods, with the exception of fat, salt and dishes that increase the secretion of gastric juice and stimulate the process of gas formation in the intestines.

All the following days, while the patient is in the hospital, he must strictly follow the diet indicated by the doctor!

Fading stage of exacerbation of pancreatitis

A diet is recommended, taking into account the mechanical and biochemical sparing of the intestinal mucosa.

This food includes:

• physiological level of the main food components - proteins, lipids, carbohydrates;
• increased amount of fat- and water-soluble vitamins;
• low content of substances that irritate the intestinal mucosa, including food spices;
• It is forbidden to use hot, salty, spicy, smoked foods.

Cooking methods: steam heat treatment.The food is crushed, pureed, small pieces of ready-made food are allowed.The temperature of food served at the table should not exceed 65⁰C. The recommended number of meals is five to six per day.

• The daily portion contains 90 grams of total protein and 40 grams of animal protein.
• Containing 80 grams of fat per day, 30 grams of vegetables.
• The content of carbohydrates in a daily portion is 300 grams, easily digestible 60 grams.
• Energy value 2480 kilocalories.

After the symptoms of acute pancreatitis subside, it is better to switch to soups, eat lean meat and fish, fresh cottage cheese, cereals and vegetables, as well as puddings.Products such as fruit juices, honey, jam, sugar should be reduced or eliminated from the diet.Before going to bed, laxative drinks are useful: kefir, yogurt, etc.It is important to completely give up fatty foods, baked products, fried fish, butter, sour cream, salted and smoked foods, pickles, onions, garlic, radishes and alcoholic beverages.

The recommended diet for acute pancreatitis should be followed for six months to one year.Almost one hundred percent of the patient's health depends on how strictly he follows the doctor's instructions regarding diet.It is important to remember that all mistakes in the diet immediately affect the condition of the pancreas.

Chronic pancreatitis in remission

This option has a different approach to patient nutrition.During this period, nutritionists recommend to include in the diet a high protein content and a physiological fat content.A more complex approach to carbohydrates.The diet during the remission stage implies:

• protein is allowed slightly above the physiological norm;
• norm of fat and complex carbohydrates in the form of cereals;
• Below the norm, include in the diet sugar, honey, jam, cakes, sweets, and table salt is also below the norm.

With this option, it is forbidden to eat substances that irritate the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract.Such products include vinegar, alcohol and other substances used as seasonings.

Dishes are prepared boiled, stewed, baked or steamed.It is allowed to serve food mashed and not pureed.Eating at short intervals, in small portions 4-6 times a day.The food is served warm.Its temperature does not exceed sixty degrees Celsius.

• The daily portion contains 120 grams of total protein, including 50 grams of animal protein.
• The daily portion contains 90 grams of fat and 30 grams of vegetable fat.
• The daily portion contains 350 grams of carbohydrates, 40 grams of easily digestible carbohydrates.
• Energy value 2690 kilocalories.

Diet in chronic pancreatitis

Chronic pancreatitis of the pancreas develops in most cases against the background of an acute illness.At the same time, it can be primary if the patient suffers from cirrhosis of the liver, hepatitis, duodenal pathology, cholelithiasis, allergies, atherosclerosis and abuses alcohol.

Diet in chronic pancreatitis is considered the basis of treatment of this disease.During the remission stage, the number of calories contained in the daily diet should correspond to physical activity.It is recommended to take food up to six times a day, not forgetting about foods that have a laxative effect.

It is important to monitor your daily protein intake.Since it is necessary for the normal recovery processes, it should be consumed in sufficient quantities - up to 130 grams per day, and only 30% of the protein should be of plant origin.

The diet of a patient with chronic pancreatitis should include beef, veal, rabbit, chicken, turkey and lean pork.Prohibited: lamb, fatty pork, as well as goose, duck and game meat.If the patient suffers from frequent pains, meat dishes should be minced or steamed, dishes should not be baked in the oven, fried or stewed.Low-fat fish is prepared in a similar way.

Low-fat meals and fish help the patient avoid fatty degeneration of the liver, which is of great importance in chronic pancreatitis.Homemade cottage cheese has a similar property, but only if it is non-acidic and fresh;store-bought cottage cheese is not recommended.

Milk in its pure form is most often poorly tolerated in chronic pancreatitis, so it is better to add it to porridges, soups and jelly when preparing them.Even if milk is well tolerated by patients, you should not abuse it by drinking no more than half a glass of warm milk per day in small sips.Fresh fermented milk products are much healthier for people suffering from pancreatitis.Cheese, which is prohibited during an exacerbation of the disease in the stage of remission, can be eaten in small quantities, provided that you feel well.The cheese should be low-fat and soft.Whole eggs are excluded from the diet, while steamed protein omelets and dishes with beaten egg whites are allowed, in addition, eggs can be present as an additive in other dishes.

Proteins of plant origin can be represented by rice, day-old bread, biscuits, semolina porridge, oatmeal, buckwheat and pasta.Legumes should not be eaten during pancreatitis.

Fats in the diet should be no more than 70 grams, and 80% of them are animal fats;they are best eaten together with other dishes and foodstuffs.It is better to put oil in the finished dish immediately before eating;vegetable oil is permissible only if well tolerated.Cooking fats, margarine, beef and lard are prohibited.

The daily diet should contain no more than 350 grams of carbohydrates;they can be represented by sugar, honey, jam and syrup.Carbohydrate-rich foods include crackers, semolina, oatmeal, buckwheat, pearl barley, rice and pasta.Patients are also allowed to eat potatoes, carrots, beets, squash, zucchini and squash.Vegetable dishes should be cooked in steam or in water;you can eat steamed vegetable pudding.Boiled vegetables are best eaten pureed with the addition of cereal broth.

Of the fruits, non-acidic varieties of apples are recommended: ripe fruits can be baked, pureed or made into compote;dried fruit compote is also useful.

Of all the sauces, bechamel based on milk and flour is considered the most optimal, where the flour is not stewed and very little salt is added.

• First dishes (cereal soups, vegetables, maybe with milk, lean meat, fish, as well as sweet fruit soups).
• Main courses (boiled veal, poultry, fish, chicken egg omelet).
• Cereal products (oatmeal, pasta, white and black bread, vegetable oil).
• Dairy products, fermented milk products (milk 2.5%, fermented milk products, butter).
• Fruits, berries, vegetables (ripe, sweet) raw, baked, carrots, beets - cooked, as a dressing for soups, as side dishes and independent dishes.
• Dessert (easily digestible carbohydrates in pancreatitis are given in a limited way, i.e. below the physiological norm, jam, honey, sugar).
• Drinks (tea with milk, vegetable, fruit juices).
• Specialty Products (Protein Composite Dry Mix) Add fat- and water-soluble vitamins.

It is also important not to overeat, reducing the daily amount of food to 2.5 kilograms, taking into account the liquid you drink.Food is taken often and in small portions.

Observance of all nutritional rules for pancreatitis can significantly increase the effectiveness of therapy as a whole.

Diet menu for pancreatitis

The number of products should be calculated based on the above regulatory documents.

Here is an approximate daily menu for a pancreatitis diet:

First meal (7:00-7:30): boiled beef, oatmeal with milk, tea.

Second meal (9:00-9:30) omelette, baked apple, rosehip broth.

Third meal (12:00-13:00): vegetable soup, veal soufflé, pasta, sweet berry jelly, compote.

Fourth meal (16:00-16:30): cottage cheese and tea.

Fifth meal (20:00-20:30): fish souffle, tea.

What should we rule out?

As you can see, in the diet for pancreatitis of the pancreas, all dishes are prepared from lean meat and fish - and only in a cooked version.Fried foods are prohibited.You can consume dairy products with minimal fat content.From liquids, it is recommended to drink only natural juices, compotes and tea.

The following should be completely excluded:

• All types of alcohol, sweets (grape juice) and carbonated drinks, cocoa, coffee
• Products of animal origin: offal, including the first category, pork and fat, fatty fish, all smoked products, spicy, fried, instant products based on extractive substances.
• Products of vegetable origin: legumes, mushrooms, spinach, sorrel, onions, bakery products based on butter dough.
• Desserts: chocolate, rich creams.
• Figs, grapes, bananas, dates.
• Confectionery, chocolate, ice cream, jam.
• Lard, cooking fat.
• Hard-boiled eggs, whole egg dishes, fried eggs

Answers to popular questions

• Is cinnamon allowed?Cinnamon is a spice that can be purchased at a specialty store or delivered by distributors.What is available in hypermarkets in packaged form is a cheap option called cassia.This "analog" is associated with myths about its healing effects in diabetes type 2. This is not related to the work of the gland, but to the reaction of insulin receptors in the tissues.There is no official confirmation of this.As for real cinnamon, it enhances the production of digestive juice, which is undesirable during an exacerbation of the disease.
• Are byproducts allowed?The heart, stomachs and liver are not a contraindication for pancreatitis if they are properly prepared.Such products can be consumed boiled or stewed.It is not recommended to eat them fried.
• Are processed cheese, bread, chocolates, coffee allowed?Processed cheese should be the simplest, ie.without spices and additives.Bread can be included in the menu.Chocolate is allowed in small amounts.Coffee is not recommended at any stage of the disease.As an option, you can drink coffee with milk in small quantities.
• Are rice and olive oil allowed?Rice is allowed.Olive oil can be used to season salads and other dishes.
• Is brine allowed?During the remission stage, a small amount of brine will not hurt, but you should not drink it in large quantities.
• Is salted bacon allowed?Fats are hard on the liver and gallbladder.When using it, the pancreas suffers a second time.Outside the acute stage, it is allowed to eat lard, but in small quantities (up to two slices a day, up to twice a week).